鍦ㄦ垜鍦�(gu贸)灏囦締(l谩i)鏅鸿兘闆诲瓙鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽嚜涓诲壍(chu脿ng)鏂�銆佺巼銆佺挵(hu谩n)淇濈瘈(ji茅)鑳芥槸鏈締(l谩i)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑 闂�(gu膩n)閸甸噸涓箣閲�銆傞浕鍕�(d貌ng)寮忛枊(k膩i)绐�(windowing )姗�(j墨)鍋氱偤鍏夐浕绉戞妧鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷箣涓€锛屽彲鍚︿繚璀夎拷闅ㄧ鎶€鏅�(sh铆)浠ｇ櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍕�(sh矛)鑵虫锛屼繚璀夋柊鍨嬫潗鏂欑殑 鎸佺簩(x霉)閬�(y霉n)鐢�锛屾櫤鑳藉寲姘存簴(zh菙n)鐨� 鎻愬崌锛屽晢鍝佺巼鐠�(hu谩n)淇濈瘈(ji茅)鑳斤紝鏂板搧灞ゅ嚭涓嶇锛屾槸鍒堕€犺妤�(y猫)鏈締(l谩i)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑 鐗规€с€�

闆诲嫊(d貌ng)闁�(k膩i)绐楀櫒闄ら枊(k膩i)鍙帓鎲傝В闆�銆佷究鎹�(缇╋細杩呴€熼潏宸э級鐨� 闁�(k膩i)/闂�(gu膩n)绐楁埗鏂规硶澶栵紝鏇磋兘澶� 淇濇寔澶氭柟浣嶇殑 淇℃伅浜や簰(each other)浣滅敤锛屽公鍔╁涓垏澶栫晫缍寔娓呯埥姘ｉ珨婧濋€氫氦娴侀€氭殺锛屽法澶ф彁鍗囦簡澶у鐨� 鐢熸椿鏂规硶锛屽崝(xi茅)鍔╀汉鍊戝悎鐞嗗垎閰嶆檪(sh铆)闁�锛屾彁楂樺灞呯敓娲荤殑 瀹夊叏绯绘暩(sh霉)(security)銆佷究鍒╂€�锛屼箖鑷崇瘈(ji茅)鐪佸悇绋悇妯ｉ浕鍔涜兘婧愶紙琛ㄨ堪:鍚戝ぇ鑷劧鍑虹ず鍕�(d貌ng)鑳借綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑鍖栧(xu茅)鐗╄唱(zh矛))鑺辫不(f猫i)銆傚洜姝ら浕鍕�(d貌ng)闁�(k膩i)绐楀櫒鎱㈡參铻嶉€�(j矛n)鐢熸椿锛岃畩鎴愪簡蹇呬笉鍙皯鐨� 涓€閮ㄥ垎銆�

闆诲嫊(d貌ng)寮忛枊(k膩i)绐�(windowing )鍣ㄦ槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鏅鸿兘鐨� 鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎬х郴绲�(t菕ng)杌熶欢(system)锛屽寘鍚�(b膩o ku貌)鏅鸿兘鎻掑骇銆佸涓収(n猫i)閮ㄧ殑 瀹夊叏闃茶(h霉)銆佸灞呯恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)缍滃悎甯冪窔銆佸鐢ㄩ浕鍣ㄦ帶鍒�銆佸鍏�(n猫i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪洠(ji膩n)娓�(c猫)鍜屾(j墨)鍣ㄨō(sh猫)鍌�(sh猫b猫i)鎺у埗绛�銆傞浕鍕�(d貌ng)闁�(k膩i)绐楀櫒鑳藉 绲︿綘鐨� 鐢熸椿鑸掓湇銆佸畨鍏ㄦ€с€佷究鎹�銆傜暥(d膩ng)鎮ㄨ儗浜曢洟閯�(xi膩ng)鏈夌殑 閭ｆ檪(sh铆)鍊欏繕鎺夐棞(gu膩n)绐楁埗鏅�(sh铆)鍒�,绯荤当(t菕ng)杌熶欢鏈�(hu矛)婊撮熆鑱�銆傚湪瀹堕噷闅ㄦ剰閮ㄤ綅锛坧osition )閮藉彲浠ユ帶鍒剁噲鍏夋晥鏋�銆佸鐢ㄩ浕鍣�銆佺獥绨惧竷绛夋(j墨)鍣ㄨō(sh猫)鍌�銆傞毃蹇冩墍娆叉帶鍒跺涓殑 鐕堝厜鏁堟灉锛岄渶杓曡紩鍦颁竴瑙�,灏辫兘淇濇寔绔ヨ┍鑸殑 鎯呮櫙杞�(zhu菐n)璁�銆備笉鐢ㄧ珯璧�,闁�(k膩i)绐椼€佺唲鐕堣紩鑰屾槗鑸�銆�